INTRODUCTION:

Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer and In India, 2nd most common cancer among women (12.1%)^1. In India, around 1.23 Lakh new cases are detected yearly and 67,500 women death occurs owing to cervical cancer accounting to nearly 1/5^th of the global cervical cancer death. Globally, cancer burden is expected approximately 28.4 million cases by 2040.² Literature suggests that approximately 90% deaths were reported in low and middle income countries by 2020. Whereas, estimation is that cancer new cases will be rise 1.5million by 2035 in India.³

WHO took major initiative to reduce the burden of cervical cancer globally before the year 2030 by implementing the interventional and screening approaches. Human papilloma virus is majority (95%) causative agent for cervical cancer that can preventable through preventive measure vaccination. Reduction rate depends upon awareness regarding cervical cancer, screening procedures among public and services substantially delivered by the ASHA Workers working in community. In 2016, Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers appointed as an investigator for cervical cancer screening. Presently, Haryana state comes step ahead introduces the HPV vaccination in national program. HPV vaccination can reduce the incidence of cervical cancer worldwide by 70% and remaining 30% of cancer can be prevent through regular screening of cervical cancer.In spite of various actions has been taken by the health agencies and implementing cancer control program is not effectively decrease the disease burden. Studies and reviewed article reported that the need to informed the health professionals regarding the necessity of large scale screening and educational program. Requisition is to sensitize the population about the current burden of cervical cancer.^4,5

Awareness and compaign about the cervical cancer, screening procedures, and preventive measures and HPV vaccines among nursing students and frontline health workers also an additional means of preventive measure of cervical cancer.⁶

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Quantitative probability research approach, Pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design was adopted to accomplish the study objectives. 60 ASHA workers were selected using purposive sampling technique from selected rural area of district Yamuna Nagar. Permission was taken from the higher authorities of the college of nursing and PHC. Researcher prepared a sampling frame of those who meet the inclusive criteria and explain them the main aim of the study and how it would help them.

Specification of the instrument and related measurement:

Data collection instrument consists:

Part A: demographic Profile consists of 8 items.

Part B: Self structured multiple-choice questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge score regarding cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination for the current study. Instrument consists of 30 items. The maximum score expected were 30 and minimum score was 0. Measurement of knowledge score was divided into three categories like good knowledge, moderate knowledge and poor knowledge.

RESULTS:

Assessment of effectiveness of video teaching awareness programme regarding cervical cancer screening and vaccination in terms of knowledge among ASHA workers in the selected area of district Yamunanagar, Haryana.

Table – I: Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Subjects According to Level of Knowledge during pre – test and post - test

S. No	Level of Knowledge	Pre-Test		Post-Test
S. No	Level of Knowledge	Frequency	Percentage	Frequency	Percentage
1.	Good Knowledge	0	0.0	23	38.3
2.	Moderate Knowledge	39	65.0	37	61.7
3.	Poor Knowledge	21	35.0	0	0.0

fig no – I: Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Subjects According to Level of Knowledge during pre – test and post – test

Table – II: Comparison of Mean, Standard Deviation, Mean Difference, and Paired‘t’ test of Knowledge Scores, and paired ‘t’ test (n = 60)

Knowledge

Mean

Mean Difference

Standard Deviation

Paired ‘t’ test value

‘P’ Value

Pre - Test

12.18

12.34

3.41

14.423

(df = 29)

0.001*

Significant

Post - Test

24.52

1.84

Table –II depict the comparison of mean, standard deviation, mean difference of knowledge scores. The pre-test mean and standard deviation knowledge score were 12.18+3.41. The post-test mean and standard deviation knowledge score were 24.52+1.84. The mean difference score was 12.34. the paired ‘t’ test score was 14.423 for the degree of freedom 29 which was statistically significant at the ‘P’ value 0.001.

Table – III: Level of Association between Post-Test Knowledge and Socio-Demographic Variables (n = 60)

S. No	Socio-Demographic Variables	Chi-Square	‘P’ Value	Level of Significance
1.	Age (years)	7.412	0.421	Not Significant
2.	Education	5.842	1.201	Not Significant
3.	Marital Status	2.142	0.842	Not Significant
4.	Socio-economic status	4.248	0.125	Not Significant
5.	Population served	2.421	0.472	Not Significant
6.	Working experience of ASHAs	3.102	1.775	Not Significant
7.	Family History of cervical cancer	1.843	0.896	Not Significant
8.	Have performed cervical cancer screening	2.420	0.421	Not Significant
9.	Got vaccination for cervical cancer	3.332	0.720	Not Significant
10.	Source of Information	2.148	0.428	Not Significant

Table – III: Depicts, none of the socio-demographic variables were associated with the level of knowledge.

DISCUSSION:

The study pre-test finding reveals that none of ASHA workers had knowledge regarding cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination. The finding of the post-test data indicates that there was improvement in the level of knowledge of the ASHA workers regarding cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination after the administration of video assisted teaching.

Demographic variables show that majority 25(41.7%) were in age 36 – 40 years. Education of the subjects, reveals that majority of the subjects 36(60.0%) 10^th standard. With regard to marital status an overwhelming majority of the subjects 51(85.0%) were married. Socio-economic status of the subjects reveals that majority 47(78.3%) were from middle class. With regard to the population served, majority of the subjects 32(53.3%) were served for 1001 – 2000 population. Working experience of ASHA workers in the study revealed, majority 24(40.0%) 3 – 5 years of experience and more than 6 years. Family history of cervical cancer depicts, that majority 59(98.3%) said no. With regard to previously screening any case of cervical cancer depict, that majority 57(95.0%) had not done previous screening to cancer. Subjects, in this study reveals majority of the subjects 59(98.3%) had no vaccination for cervical cancer. Source of information regarding cancer among ASHA workers reveals that majority 41(68.3%) had obtained information through meetings/teaching programs. Through social media who got information were 11(18.3%).

The finding of the study is to some extent consistent with a cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitude and practice on cervical malignancy and its screening among adult women the study conducted by Deshmukh et al (2021).⁷

CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, video assisted teaching on knowledge regarding cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination among ASHA workers was effective. This study brings to light the need of awareness about cervical cancer, cervical cancer screening, HPV and its vaccination among health professional those are directly dealing with public health.

It is utmost important that reducing the existing knowledge gap through implementing more educational events for health care professionals and encourage them to sensitized the general population about screening and vaccination.

REFERENCE:

1. https://main.mohfw.gov.in

2. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021:71:209–49. doi:10.3322/caac.21660.

3. Singh, M., Jha, R. P., Shri, N., Bhattacharyya, K., Patel, P., and Dhamnetiya, D. Secular trends in incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in India and its states, 1990-2019: data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study. BMC Cancer. 2022; 22(1): 149. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-022-09232-w

4. Kaur S, Sharma LM, Mishra V, Goyal MGB, Swasti S, Talele A, Parikh PM. Challenges in Cervical Cancer Prevention: Real-World Scenario in India. South Asian J Cancer. 2023; 12(1): 9-16. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1764222. PMID: 36851931; PMCID: PMC9966165.

5. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer

6. https://ijcrr.com/uploads/3782_pdf.pdf

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/IJCRR2021.13112

7. Khanna, Divya; Khargekar, Naveen,; Budukh, Atul. Knowledge, attitude, and practice about cervical cancer and its screening among community healthcare workers of Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2019; 8(5): 1715-1719 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_143_19

Received on 19.10.2023 Modified on 01.12.2023

Int. J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2024; 12(1):12-14.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2652.2024.00003